Valentine M. Moghadam is professor of sociology and international affairs and director of Middle East and Mediterranean Studies at Northeastern University. Previously, she was director of Women’s Studies at Purdue University and Illinois State University, and section chief for gender equality and development at UNESCO in Paris (2004–06). From 1990 to 1995 she served as a senior research fellow at the WIDER Institute of the United Nations University, in Helsinki. She is author of Modernizing Women: Gender and Social Change in the Middle East and Globalization and Social Movements: Islamism, Feminism, and the Global Justice Movement. She was awarded the Victoria Schuck Award for best book on women and politics for Globalizing Women: Transnational Feminist Networks.